#1
|
Blunt Force Injury Deaths | Part # III
See also: http://www.documentingreality.com/fo...part-i-155547/ http://www.documentingreality.com/fo...art-ii-156217/ Fig. 12.67 As bruises may not be easily seen through hair, the first indication of blunt head trauma at autopsy may be bruising under the scalp (subgaleal hematomas) after the scalp has been reflected Fig. 12.68 An epidural hemorrhage. Note that the collection of blood is outside the dura (a portion of the dura on the left side of the image is reflected, exposing the underlying brain). Epidural hemorrhages typically occur in association with a side-of-the head impact with fracture of the temporal bone, and laceration of the middle meningeal artery Fig. 12.69 Visualization of the bridging vessels that connect the dura (attached to the under surface of the skull) to the meninges overlying the brain Fig. 12.70 An acute subdural hemorrhage. The dura in this case has remained adherent to the inner aspect of the skull Fig. 12.71 A subdural hemorrhage visualized through the relatively translucent dural membrane, which has been left intact over the brain in this dissection Fig. 12.72 An acute subdural hematoma also visible through the dura Fig. 12.73 Comparison of a dark purple acute subdural hematoma beneath the dura on the left side of the head with normal dura on the right Fig. 12.74 Removal of the dura reveals a thin film of subdural hemorrhage in addition to subarachnoid hemorrhage posteriorly Fig. 12.75 Subdural hematomas may be composed of both clotted and fluid blood, the latter which may drain away when the skull is opened Fig. 12.76 A relatively dense subdural hemorrhage. A flap of dura is being reflected upward in order to visualize the underlying subdural blood Fig. 12.77 A larger collection of recent blood clot in an acute subdural hematoma following a fall. This was only revealed at autopsy once the dura had been removed and can be seen pushing the brain to the right Fig. 12.78 Left-sided basilar subdural hemorrhage after removal of the brain Fig. 12.79 Formalin-fixed subdural hematoma and attached dura that can be submitted for histologic dating Fig. 12.80 Older subdural hematomas begin to organize and turn yellow as hemoglobin pigment in red blood cells begins to break down Fig. 12.81 A healing (or ‘‘organizing’’) subdural hemorrhage also showing yellow discoloration Fig. 12.82 Another organizing subdural hematoma with green discoloration and ‘‘membrane’’ formation Fig. 12.83 Extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage surrounding the brain Fig. 12.84 The base of a brain with minimal subarachnoid hemorrhage over the temporal and frontal poles Fig. 12.85 Focal left-sided subarachnoid hemorrhage overlying areas with cerebral contusions Fig. 12.86 Blunt head trauma may result in significant swelling of the brain seen first as flattening of gyri (folds) of the cortex when the skull cap is removed Fig. 12.87 Bruising of the brain may involve the frontal poles if the head has been hit on the front (coup lesions) or if the body has fallen backward and landed on the posterior aspect, the occiput (contra coup lesions) Fig. 12.88 In vehicle accidents, there may be multifocal areas of bruising within the brain Fig. 12.89 Close-up view of multiple cerebral cortical contusions in a formalin-fixed brain Fig. 12.90 Deep contusions within the brain. Note the ‘‘midline shift’’ of central structures, from right to left, due to the injury and associated swelling (the brain is being viewed from behind) Fig. 12.91 A gliding contusion of the cerebrum Fig. 12.92 A brain with a cortical contusion (lower left) and associated brain swelling with midline shift and a cingulate gyrus, subfalcine, herniation (arrow) Fig. 12.93 Bilateral temporal lobe uncal herniation with contusions Fig. 12.94 An example of uncal ‘‘notching,’’ when the uncal regions are compressed but not yet hemorrhagic (arrows) Fig. 12.95 Cerebellar tonsillar herniation with contusion Fig. 12.96 A transcalvarial herniation through a skull defect occurring in a head trauma victim who underwent craniotomy (removal of a portion of the skull) surgery to relieve intracranial pressure. A relatively large area of swollen brain tissue has protruded outward (arrows) from the remainder of the brain Fig. 12.97 Duret hemorrhages within the midbrain of a person who sustained severe head trauma but survived for several hours Fig. 12.98 Widespread, severe cerebral edema (brain swelling). The linear cut on the side of the brain occurred when the skull cap was being removed at autopsy Fig. 12.99 An immunohistochemical stain showing brown staining areas indicative of axonal injury Fig. 12.100 A remote (old) contusion of the brain. Note the depressed, brown-yellow appearance References Burke MP. Forensic medical investigation of motor vehicle incidents. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2007. Byard RW, Bhatia K, Reilly P, Vink R. How rapidly does cerebral swelling follow trauma? Observations using an animal model and possible implications in infancy. Leg Med. 2009;11S1:S128–S131. Byard RW, Gilbert J, James R, Lipsett J. Pathological features of farm and tractor – related fatalities in children. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1999;20:73–77. Byard RW, Tsokos M. Avulsion of the distal tibial shaft in aircraft crashes. A pathological feature of extreme decelerative injury. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2006;27:337–339. Byard RW, Vink R. The second impact syndrome. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2009;1:36–38. Byard RW, Wick R, Gilbert JD, Donald T. Histologic dating of bruises in moribund infants and young children. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2008;4:187–192. Dix J, Graham M, Hanzlick R. Investigation of road traffic fatalities – an atlas. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2000. Ehrlich E, Maxeiner H. External injury marks (wounds) on the head in different types of blunt trauma in an autopsy series. Med Law. 2002;21:773–782. Ingham AI, Langlois NEI, Byard RW. Bruises as a marker of other injuries at autopsy. Arch Dis Child. 2011; 96:218–220. Langlois NEI. The science behind the quest to determine the age of bruises – a review of the English language literature. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2007;3:241–251. Marshall DT, Gilbert JD, Byard RW. The spectrum of findings in cases of sudden death due to blunt cardiac trauma – ‘commotio cordis. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2008;29(1):1–4. Murphy GK. Beaten to death. An autopsy series of homicidal blunt force injuries. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1991;12:98–101. Pearl GS. Traumatic neuropathology. Clin Lab Med. 1998;18:39–64. Teresinski F, Madro R. Evidential value of injuries useful for reconstruction of the pedestrian-vehicle location at the moment of collision. Forensic Sci Int. 2002;128:127–135. Toro K, Szlavik N, Meszaros A, Dunay G, Soos M, Keller E. Jumping and falling death in children, adolescents, and young adults. J Clin Forensic Med. 2006;13:129–134. Turk EE, Tsokos M. Pathologic features of fatal falls from height. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2004;25:194–199. Turk E, Tsang Y-W, Champenari A, Pueschel K, Byard RW. Cardiac injuries in car occupants in fatal motor vehicle collisions – an autopsy based study. J Forensic Leg Med. 2010;17:339–343. Zivot U, DiMaio VJ. Motor vehicle-pedestrian accidents in adults. Relationship between impact speed, injuries, and distance thrown. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1993;14:185–186. Zugibe FT, Costello JT. Identification of the murder weapon by intricate patterned injury measurements. J Forensic Sci. 1986;31:773–777. 486 12 Blunt Force Injury Deaths Source: The Atlas of Forensic Pathology for Police, Forensic Scientists, Attorneys and Death Investigators ![]() |
The Following 10 Users Say Thank You to gatagato For This Useful Post: | ||
Ashen, Azimuth, beepboop, Gabrielle*78*, kellyhound, mikejudd, Ms. Jade, Sarge99, Sharon, wujuan |
#2
|
Re: Blunt Force Injury Deaths | Part # III
nice
|
#3
| ||||||||
My Rank: PRIVATE FIRST CLASS Poster Rank:3630 Join Date: Feb 2010 Mentioned: 0 Post(s) Quoted: 23 Post(s)
| ||||||||
Re: Blunt Force Injury Deaths | Part # III
All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain... Time to die |
The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to allison For This Useful Post: | ||
ajgeastwood, wujuan |
#4
|
Re: Blunt Force Injury Deaths | Part # III
Just a little thought experiment: I wonder if there would be any way to read/interpret memories from a 'dead' brain. At very least the last, traumatic moments of someones life which would provide evidence for witlessness violent crimes. I say this because surely not all memories and experiences are instantly wiped once a person has died. There has to be a period after death where it is viable to read memories from a structurally intact brain. (the brain is itself intact, just lacking a living host to interpret and interface with it) I just had the thought from looking at the slithers of brain in the pics, countless memories, thoughts, and experience once traveled through that sliver, I wonder if they are still there, frozen in time waiting to be read |
The Following 8 Users Say Thank You to galaxia For This Useful Post: | ||
bl4ckwidow, Cancun78, Dhalia, gatagato, Karma, Kel007, Kelseecat65, wujuan |
#5
|
Re: Blunt Force Injury Deaths | Part # III
|
The Following 4 Users Say Thank You to Sharon For This Useful Post: | ||
gatagato, kellyhound, Kelseecat65, wujuan |
#6
|
Re: Blunt Force Injury Deaths | Part # III
my auntie just ordered this book for me. I love her.
__________________ nobody loves me. nobody cares. |
The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to wujuan For This Useful Post: | ||
Azimuth, gatagato |
#7
|
Re: Blunt Force Injury Deaths | Part # III
mmmmm brains
|
The Following User Says Thank You to kellyhound For This Useful Post: | ||
gatagato |
#8
| |
Re: Blunt Force Injury Deaths | Part # III
Quote:
|
The Following User Says Thank You to dockman For This Useful Post: | ||
bl4ckwidow |
#9
| |
Re: Blunt Force Injury Deaths | Part # III
Quote:
Not only did I have no memory of the accident itself, but I still have some trouble with short term memory in general, and the whole year or so prior to the accident is very foggy, unless someone describes something in great detail, or I read of something that occurred within that time frame. Four and a half years later, I am probably 80% recovered mentally, and that has taken some work especially within the first two years, and I'm sure I am done recovering--but I'm very happy with that. ![]() |
The Following 4 Users Say Thank You to Azimuth For This Useful Post: | ||
deadcat1, galaxia, gatagato, wujuan |
#10
| |
Re: Blunt Force Injury Deaths | Part # III
Quote:
Which leads to the question of whether a) the memories are wiped/lost (any loss of life and memories deteriorate immediately and rapidly), or b) just the pathways to access the memories are damaged (they are still there in isolated parts of the brain, waiting to be read). I need to google some studies on this. I'm sure it's been researched. |
The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to galaxia For This Useful Post: | ||
gatagato, wujuan |