Myiasis in humans is a parasitic infestation by fly larvae (maggots) that feed on living or dead tissue, body fluids, or ingested food, often occurring in tropical/subtropical regions, especially with open wounds. Common types include cutaneous (skin), wound, furuncular (boil-like), and migratory (creeping) myiasis, with symptoms like painful lumps, itching, or foul-smelling discharge. Diagnosis involves seeing larvae or imaging, and treatment focuses on removing larvae via debridement, sometimes with ivermectin, and antibiotics for secondary infections.
Causes & Risk Factors
Fly Larvae: Various flies, including the human botfly (Dermatobia hominis), tumbu fly (Cordylobia anthropophaga), and screwworms (Cochliomyia hominovorax), can cause it.
Travel: High risk for travelers to tropical/subtropical areas in Africa, the Americas, and Asia.
Open Wounds: Untreated cuts, sores, or damaged skin provide entry points for flies to lay eggs.
Poor Hygiene: Lack of cleanliness, especially around wounds, increases risk.
Types of Myiasis
Cutaneous: Affects the skin (furuncular, migratory, wound).
Wound (Traumatic): Larvae infest existing wounds, enlarging them.
Furuncular: A boil-like nodule forms on healthy skin, often with a central pore, caused by botflies.
Migratory (Creeping): Larvae burrow and move under the skin, causing itching.
Other: Can affect eyes, ears, nose, throat, or intestines.
Symptoms
A visible, moving lump or boil under the skin.
Pain, itching, or crawling sensations.
Pus or bloody discharge from lesions, sometimes foul-smelling.
Inflammation and tissue damage.
Treatment
Larvae Removal: The primary treatment involves physically removing all larvae, often with surgical debridement or by suffocating them with petroleum jelly.
Medication: Antiparasitic drugs like ivermectin may be used.
Antibiotics: For secondary bacterial infections.
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