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Pitting Edema
Pitting edema can be demonstrated by applying pressure to the swollen area by depressing the skin with a finger. If the pressing causes an indentation as seen here that persists for some time after the release of the pressure, the edema is referred to as pitting edema. 
Edema can occur from a systemic process or a localized process. The most common systemic diseases associated with edema involve the heart, liver, and kidneys. In these diseases, edema occurs primarily because of the body’s retention of too much salt. The excess salt causes the body to retain water. This water then leaks into the interstitial tissue spaces, where it appears as edema. The most common local conditions that cause edema are varicose veins and thrombophlebitis of the deep veins of the legs. These conditions can cause venous insufficiency. The resulting increased back-pressure in the veins forces fluid stay in the extremities. The excess fluid then leaks into the interstitial tissue spaces, causing edema.
If no pitting is seen, the patient may have non-pitting edema. This is caused by certain disorders of the lymphatic system such as lymphedema. ... |
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